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This book aims to provide information in the ever-growing field of
low-power electronic devices and their applications in portable
device, wireless communication, sensor, and circuit domains. .
Negative Capacitance Field Effect Transistor: Physics, Design,
Modeling and Applications, discusses low-power semiconductor
technology and addresses state-of-art techniques such as
negative-capacitance field-effect transistors and tunnel
field-effect transistors. The book is broken up into four parts.
Part one discusses foundations of low-power electronics including
the challenges and demands and concepts like subthreshold swing.
Part two discusses the basic operations of negative-capacitance
field-effect transistor (NC-FET) and Tunnel Field-effect Transistor
(TFET). Part three covers industrial applications including
cryogenics and biosensors with NC-FET. This book is designed to be
one-stop guidebook for students and academic researchers, to
understand recent trends in the IT industry and semiconductor
industry. It will also be of interest to researchers in the field
of nanodevices like NC-FET, FinFET, Tunnel FET, and device-circuit
codesign.
This new volume looks at the electrifying world of blockchain
technology and how it has been revolutionizing the Internet of
Things and cyber-physical systems. Aimed primarily at business
users and developers who are considering blockchain-based projects,
the volume provides a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical
and practical aspects of blockchain technology. It presents a
selection of chapters on topics that cover new information on
blockchain and bitcoin security, IoT security threats and attacks,
privacy issues, fault-tolerance mechanisms, and more. Some major
software packages are discussed, and it also addresses the legal
issues currently affecting the field. The information presented
here is relevant to current and future problems relating to
blockchain technology and will provide the tools to build efficient
decentralized applications. Blockchain technology and the IoT can
profoundly change how the world-and businesses-work, and this book
provides a window into the current world of blockchain. No longer
limited to just Bitcoin, blockchain technology has spread into many
sectors and into a significant number of different technologies.
This book provides scientific and technological insights on novel
techniques of design and manufacturing using laser technologies. It
showcases applications of laser micromachining in the biomedical
industry, laser-based manufacturing processes in aerospace
engineering, and high-precision laser-cutting in the home appliance
sector. Features: Each chapter discusses a specific engineering
problem and showcases its numerical, and experimental solution
Provides scientific and technological insights on novel routes of
design and manufacturing using laser technologies Synergizes
exploration related to the various properties and functionalities
through extensive theoretical and numerical modeling Highlights
current issues, developments, and constraints in additive
manufacturing Discusses applications of laser cutting machines in
the manufacturing industry and laser micromachining for the
biomedical industry The text discusses optical, and laser-based
green manufacturing technologies and their application in diverse
engineering fields including mechanical, electrical, biomedical,
and computer. It further covers sustainability issues in
laser-based manufacturing technologies and the development of
laser-based ultra-precision manufacturing techniques. The text also
discusses the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning
in laser-based manufacturing techniques. It will serve as an ideal
reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and
researchers in fields including mechanical engineering, aerospace
engineering, manufacturing engineering, and production engineering.
This book gives insight into the emerging semiconductor devices
from their applications in electronic circuits. It discusses the
challenges in the field of engineering and applications of advanced
low-power devices. Emerging Low-Power Semiconductor Devices:
Applications for Future Technology Nodes offers essential exposure
to low-power devices, and applications in wireless, biosensing, and
circuit domains. This book provides a detailed discussion on all
aspects, including the current and future scenarios related to the
low-power device. The book also presents basic knowledge about
field-effect transistor (FET) devices and introduces emerging and
novel FET devices. The chapters include a review of the usage of
FET devices in various domains like biosensing, wireless, and
cryogenics applications. The chapters also explore device-circuit
co-design issues in the digital and analog domains. The content is
presented in an easy-to-follow manner that makes it ideal for
individuals new to the subject. This book is intended for
scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students looking for an
understanding of device physics, circuits, and systems.
Presents a variety of techniques designed to enhance and empower
multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional machine learning
research Offers a compendium of current and emerging machine
learning paradigms for healthcare informatics and reflects on the
diversity and complexity through the use of case studies Provides a
panoramic view of data and machine learning techniques and provides
an opportunity for novel insights and discovers Explores the theory
and practical applications of machine learning in healthcare
Includes a guided tour of machine learning algorithms, architecture
design, and applications and in interdisciplinary challenges
This new volume looks at the electrifying world of blockchain
technology and how it has been revolutionizing the Internet of
Things and cyber-physical systems. Aimed primarily at business
users and developers who are considering blockchain-based projects,
the volume provides a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical
and practical aspects of blockchain technology. It presents a
selection of chapters on topics that cover new information on
blockchain and bitcoin security, IoT security threats and attacks,
privacy issues, fault-tolerance mechanisms, and more. Some major
software packages are discussed, and it also addresses the legal
issues currently affecting the field. The information presented
here is relevant to current and future problems relating to
blockchain technology and will provide the tools to build efficient
decentralized applications. Blockchain technology and the IoT can
profoundly change how the world-and businesses-work, and this book
provides a window into the current world of blockchain. No longer
limited to just Bitcoin, blockchain technology has spread into many
sectors and into a significant number of different technologies.
Machine Learning for Healthcare: Handling and Managing Data
provides in-depth information about handling and managing
healthcare data through machine learning methods. This book
expresses the long-standing challenges in healthcare informatics
and provides rational explanations of how to deal with them.
Machine Learning for Healthcare: Handling and Managing Data
provides techniques on how to apply machine learning within your
organization and evaluate the efficacy, suitability, and efficiency
of machine learning applications. These are illustrated in a case
study which examines how chronic disease is being redefined through
patient-led data learning and the Internet of Things. This text
offers a guided tour of machine learning algorithms, architecture
design, and applications of learning in healthcare. Readers will
discover the ethical implications of machine learning in healthcare
and the future of machine learning in population and patient health
optimization. This book can also help assist in the creation of a
machine learning model, performance evaluation, and the
operationalization of its outcomes within organizations. It may
appeal to computer science/information technology professionals and
researchers working in the area of machine learning, and is
especially applicable to the healthcare sector. The features of
this book include: A unique and complete focus on applications of
machine learning in the healthcare sector. An examination of how
data analysis can be done using healthcare data and bioinformatics.
An investigation of how healthcare companies can leverage the
tapestry of big data to discover new business values. An
exploration of the concepts of machine learning, along with recent
research developments in healthcare sectors.
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR VLSI CHIP DESIGN This cutting-edge
new volume covers the hardware architecture implementation, the
software implementation approach, the efficient hardware of machine
learning applications with FPGA or CMOS circuits, and many other
aspects and applications of machine learning techniques for VLSI
chip design. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)
have, or will have, an impact on almost every aspect of our lives
and every device that we own. AI has benefitted every industry in
terms of computational speeds, accurate decision prediction,
efficient machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms.
The VLSI industry uses the electronic design automation tool (EDA),
and the integration with ML helps in reducing design time and cost
of production. Finding defects, bugs, and hardware Trojans in the
design with ML or DL can save losses during production. Constraints
to ML-DL arise when having to deal with a large set of training
datasets. This book covers the learning algorithm for floor
planning, routing, mask fabrication, and implementation of the
computational architecture for ML-DL. The future aspect of the
ML-DL algorithm is to be available in the format of an integrated
circuit (IC). A user can upgrade to the new algorithm by replacing
an IC. This new book mainly deals with the adaption of computation
blocks like hardware accelerators and novel nano-material for them
based upon their application and to create a smart solution. This
exciting new volume is an invaluable reference for beginners as
well as engineers, scientists, researchers, and other professionals
working in the area of VLSI architecture development.
This book highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved
in the initiation and progression of skin cancer. It also explains
the role of the environment in skin cancer development and explores
the potential of microbiome in the diagnosis, prevention and
treatment of skin cancer. The book also presents potential
biomarkers for early detection of skin cancer and discusses recent
advances in skin cancer prevention and treatment using photodynamic
therapy. Lastly, it summarizes the applications of biomedical
engineering, non-coding and nanotechnology in the diagnosis and
therapeutics in skin cancer. It is a valuable resource for
investigators in the field of skin cancer, including pathologists,
medical and surgical oncologists, and dermatologists.
This book summarizes various tools and techniques used to provide
insights into the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of stroke.
It also presents rodent animal models to help shed light on the
pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Presenting the latest
information on the different types of stroke, including embolic,
filament, photothrombotic, and bilateral common carotid artery, the
book also describes techniques that are used for confirmation of
stroke surgery, such as laser speckle imaging (LSI) and laser
Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and discusses the non-human primates that
are used in stroke surgery, cerebral venous sinuous thrombosis, and
neurobehavioral assessment. Lastly, it analyzes various
neuroprotective agents to treat and prevent ischemic stroke, and
examines the challenges and advances in treating and preventing
acute ischemic stroke.
This book highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved
in the initiation and progression of skin cancer. It also explains
the role of the environment in skin cancer development and explores
the potential of microbiome in the diagnosis, prevention and
treatment of skin cancer. The book also presents potential
biomarkers for early detection of skin cancer and discusses recent
advances in skin cancer prevention and treatment using photodynamic
therapy. Lastly, it summarizes the applications of biomedical
engineering, non-coding and nanotechnology in the diagnosis and
therapeutics in skin cancer. It is a valuable resource for
investigators in the field of skin cancer, including pathologists,
medical and surgical oncologists, and dermatologists.
This book fosters a scientific debate for sophisticated approaches
and cognitive technologies (such as deep learning, machine learning
and advanced analytics) for enhanced healthcare services in light
of the tremendous scope in the future of intelligent systems for
healthcare. The authors discuss the proliferation of huge data
sources (e.g. genomes, electronic health records (EHRs), mobile
diagnostics, and wearable devices) and breakthroughs in artificial
intelligence applications, which have unlocked the doors for
diagnosing and treating multitudes of rare diseases. The
contributors show how the widespread adoption of intelligent health
based systems could help overcome challenges, such as shortages of
staff and supplies, accessibility barriers, lack of awareness on
certain health issues, identification of patient needs, and early
detection and diagnosis of illnesses. This book is a small yet
significant step towards exploring recent advances, disseminating
state-of-the-art techniques and deploying novel technologies in
intelligent healthcare services and applications. Describes the
advances of computing methodologies for life and medical science
data; Presents applications of artificial intelligence in
healthcare along with case studies and datasets; Provides an ideal
reference for medical imaging researchers, industry scientists and
engineers, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and
clinicians.
This book combines the mainstream liberal arguments for religious
tolerance with arguments from religious traditions in India to
offer insights into appropriate attitudes toward religious 'others'
from the perspective of the devout. The respective chapters address
the relationship between religions from a comparative perspective,
helping readers understand the meaning of religion and the
opportunities for interreligious dialogue in the works of
contemporary Indian philosophers such as Gandhi and Ramakrishna
Paramhansa. It also examines various religious traditions from a
philosophical viewpoint in order to reassess religious discussions
on how to respond to differing and different religious others.
Given its comprehensive coverage, the book is of interest to
scholars working in the areas of anthropology, philosophy, cultural
and religious diversity, and history of religion.
This book summarizes various tools and techniques used to provide
insights into the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of stroke.
It also presents rodent animal models to help shed light on the
pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Presenting the latest
information on the different types of stroke, including embolic,
filament, photothrombotic, and bilateral common carotid artery, the
book also describes techniques that are used for confirmation of
stroke surgery, such as laser speckle imaging (LSI) and laser
Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and discusses the non-human primates that
are used in stroke surgery, cerebral venous sinuous thrombosis, and
neurobehavioral assessment. Lastly, it analyzes various
neuroprotective agents to treat and prevent ischemic stroke, and
examines the challenges and advances in treating and preventing
acute ischemic stroke.
This book explores potentially disruptive and transformative
healthcare-specific use cases made possible by the latest
developments in Internet of Things (IoT) technology and
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Healthcare data can be subjected to a
range of different investigations in order to extract highly useful
and usable intelligence for the automation of traditionally manual
tasks. In addition, next-generation healthcare applications can be
enhanced by integrating the latest knowledge discovery and
dissemination tools. These sophisticated, smart healthcare
applications are possible thanks to a growing ecosystem of
healthcare sensors and actuators, new ad hoc and
application-specific sensor and actuator networks, and advances in
data capture, processing, storage, and mining. Such applications
also take advantage of state-of-the-art machine and deep learning
algorithms, major strides in artificial and ambient intelligence,
and rapid improvements in the stability and maturity of mobile,
social, and edge computing models.
Discover the methods and techniques required for creating immersive
design visualization for industry. This book proposes ways for
industry-oriented design visualization from scratch. This includes
fundamentals of creative and immersive technology; tools and
techniques for architectural visualization; design visualization
with Autodesk Maya; PBR integration; and texturing, material
design, and integration into UE4 for immersive design
visualization. You'll to dive into design and visualization, from
planning to execution. You will start with the basics, such as an
introduction to design visualization as well as to the software you
will be using. You will next learn to create assets such as virtual
worlds and texturing, and integrate them with Unreal Engine 4.
Finally, there is a capstone project for you to make your own
immersive visualization scene. By the end of the book you'll be
able to create assets for use in industries such as game
development, entertainment, architecture, design engineering, and
digital education. What You Will Learn Gain the fundamentals of
immersive design visualization Master design visualization with
Autodesk Maya Study interactive visualization with UE4 Create your
immersive design portfolio Who This Book Is For
Beginning-intermediate learners from the fields of animation,
visual art, and computer graphics as well as design visualization,
game technology, and virtual reality integration.
Create assets for history-based games. This book covers the
fundamental principles required to understand and create
architectural visualizations of historical locations using digital
tools. You will explore aspects of 3D design visualization and VR
integration using industry-preferred software. Some of the most
popular video games in recent years have historical settings (Age
of Empires, Call of Duty, etc.). Creating these games requires
creating historically accurate game assets. You will use Blender to
create VR-ready assets by modeling and unwrapping them. And you
will use Substance Painter to texture the assets that you create.
You will also learn how to use the Quixel Megascans library to
acquire and implement physically accurate materials in the scenes.
Finally, you will import the assets into Unreal Engine 4 and
recreate a VR integrated heritage that can be explored in real
time. Using VR technology and game engines, you can digitally
recreate historical settings for games. What You Will Learn Create
high-quality, optimized models suitable for any 3D game engine
Master the techniques of texturing assets using Substance Painter
and Quixel Megascans Keep assets historically accurate Integrate
assets with the game engine Create visualizations with Unreal
Engine 4 Who Is This Book For Game developers with some experience
who are eager to get into VR-based games
This book explores potentially disruptive and transformative
healthcare-specific use cases made possible by the latest
developments in Internet of Things (IoT) technology and
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Healthcare data can be subjected to a
range of different investigations in order to extract highly useful
and usable intelligence for the automation of traditionally manual
tasks. In addition, next-generation healthcare applications can be
enhanced by integrating the latest knowledge discovery and
dissemination tools. These sophisticated, smart healthcare
applications are possible thanks to a growing ecosystem of
healthcare sensors and actuators, new ad hoc and
application-specific sensor and actuator networks, and advances in
data capture, processing, storage, and mining. Such applications
also take advantage of state-of-the-art machine and deep learning
algorithms, major strides in artificial and ambient intelligence,
and rapid improvements in the stability and maturity of mobile,
social, and edge computing models.
Urban Water Crisis and Management: Strategies for Sustainable
Development, Sixth Edition presents solutions for the current
challenges of urban water and management strategies. Through
contributed chapters, a framework is laid out for a reduction of
the use of groundwater (heavily overused as a solution) and the
alternative options for the supply of water to cities, or for urban
water. Sections discuss urban water, its problems and management
approaches, address the root causes of the water crisis in urban
areas, and cover the scientific and technical knowledge necessary
to manage water resources. Significant gaps between developed and
developing nations in the procedure of water management are also
addressed, along with practical information regarding recycling and
the reuse of wastewater which is useful as baseline data for the
future.
Every year lives and properties are lost in road accidents. About
one-fourth of these accidents are due to low vision in foggy
weather. At present, there is no algorithm that is specifically
designed for the removal of fog from videos. Application of a
single-image fog removal algorithm over each video frame is a
time-consuming and costly affair. It is demonstrated that with the
intelligent use of temporal redundancy, fog removal algorithms
designed for a single image can be extended to the real-time video
application. Results confirm that the presented framework used for
the extension of the fog removal algorithms for images to videos
can reduce the complexity to a great extent with no loss of
perceptual quality. This paves the way for the real-life
application of the video fog removal algorithm. In order to remove
fog, an efficient fog removal algorithm using anisotropic diffusion
is developed. The presented fog removal algorithm uses new dark
channel assumption and anisotropic diffusion for the initialization
and refinement of the airlight map, respectively. Use of
anisotropic diffusion helps to estimate the better airlight map
estimation. The said fog removal algorithm requires a single image
captured by uncalibrated camera system. The anisotropic
diffusion-based fog removal algorithm can be applied in both RGB
and HSI color space. This book shows that the use of HSI color
space reduces the complexity further. The said fog removal
algorithm requires pre- and post-processing steps for the better
restoration of the foggy image. These pre- and post-processing
steps have either data-driven or constant parameters that avoid the
user intervention. Presented fog removal algorithm is independent
of the intensity of the fog, thus even in the case of the heavy fog
presented algorithm performs well. Qualitative and quantitative
results confirm that the presented fog removal algorithm
outperformed previous algorithms in terms of perceptual quality,
color fidelity and execution time. The work presented in this book
can find wide application in entertainment industries,
transportation, tracking and consumer electronics.
Current vision systems are designed to perform in normal weather
condition. However, no one can escape from severe weather
conditions. Bad weather reduces scene contrast and visibility,
which results in degradation in the performance of various computer
vision algorithms such as object tracking, segmentation and
recognition. Thus, current vision systems must include some
mechanisms that enable them to perform up to the mark in bad
weather conditions such as rain and fog. Rain causes the spatial
and temporal intensity variations in images or video frames. These
intensity changes are due to the random distribution and high
velocities of the raindrops. Fog causes low contrast and whiteness
in the image and leads to a shift in the color. This book has
studied rain and fog from the perspective of vision. The book has
two main goals: 1) removal of rain from videos captured by a moving
and static camera, 2) removal of the fog from images and videos
captured by a moving single uncalibrated camera system. The book
begins with a literature survey. Pros and cons of the selected
prior art algorithms are described, and a general framework for the
development of an efficient rain removal algorithm is explored.
Temporal and spatiotemporal properties of rain pixels are analyzed
and using these properties, two rain removal algorithms for the
videos captured by a static camera are developed. For the removal
of rain, temporal and spatiotemporal algorithms require fewer
numbers of consecutive frames which reduces buffer size and delay.
These algorithms do not assume the shape, size and velocity of
raindrops which make it robust to different rain conditions (i.e.,
heavy rain, light rain and moderate rain). In a practical
situation, there is no ground truth available for rain video. Thus,
no reference quality metric is very useful in measuring the
efficacy of the rain removal algorithms. Temporal variance and
spatiotemporal variance are presented in this book as no reference
quality metrics. An efficient rain removal algorithm using
meteorological properties of rain is developed. The relation among
the orientation of the raindrops, wind velocity and terminal
velocity is established. This relation is used in the estimation of
shape-based features of the raindrop. Meteorological property-based
features helped to discriminate the rain and non-rain pixels. Most
of the prior art algorithms are designed for the videos captured by
a static camera. The use of global motion compensation with all
rain removal algorithms designed for videos captured by static
camera results in better accuracy for videos captured by moving
camera. Qualitative and quantitative results confirm that
probabilistic temporal, spatiotemporal and meteorological
algorithms outperformed other prior art algorithms in terms of the
perceptual quality, buffer size, execution delay and system cost.
The work presented in this book can find wide application in
entertainment industries, transportation, tracking and consumer
electronics. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction /
Analysis of Rain / Dataset and Performance Metrics / Important Rain
Detection Algorithms / Probabilistic Approach for Detection and
Removal of Rain / Impact of Camera Motion on Detection of Rain /
Meteorological Approach for Detection and Removal of Rain from
Videos / Conclusion and Scope of Future Work / Bibliography /
Authors' Biographies
This book provides basic concepts and deep knowledge about various
security mechanisms that can be implemented in IoT through
Blockchain technology. This book aids readers in gaining insight
and knowledge about providing security and solutions to different
challenges in IoT using Blockchain technology. This book primarily
focuses on challenges to addressing the integration of the IoT with
Blockchain with respect to potential benefits for IoT. This book
gives descriptive analysis of Blockchain integrated with IoT
applications and platforms for the development of IoT solutions
along with possible topologies to that integration. Several
application examples are included in a variety of industries.
Visualization Techniques for Climate Change with Machine Learning
and Artificial Intelligence covers computer-aided artificial
intelligence and machine learning technologies as related to the
impacts of climate change and its potential to prevent/remediate
the effects. As such, different types of algorithms, mathematical
relations and software models may help us to understand our current
reality, predict future weather events and create new products and
services to minimize human impact, chances of improving and saving
lives and creating a healthier world. This book covers different
types of tools for the prediction of climate change and alternative
systems which can reduce the levels of threats observed by climate
change scientists. Moreover, the book will help to achieve at least
one of 17 sustainable development goals i.e., climate action.
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